Dilution Calculator — Chemistry
Understanding Dilution and Its Importance
This dilution calculator helps you determine how much concentrated stock solution (V1) you need to prepare a desired volume of diluted solution (V2) at a target concentration (C2), using the classic dilution equation:
C1 × V1 = C2 × V2Rearranged to solve for V1: V1 = (C2 × V2) / C1. Enter the initial concentration of your stock (C1), the desired final concentration (C2), and the final total volume (V2). The calculator displays V1 in liters and milliliters and the volume of diluent required.
Example of Dilution Calculation
Example
Suppose you have a 1.0 M stock solution (C1) and you want 1.0 L of a 0.1 M solution (C2). Using the formula:
V1 = (0.1 M × 1.0 L) / 1.0 M = 0.1 L = 100 mL
So, you would pipette 100 mL of the 1.0 M stock into a volumetric flask and dilute to 1.0 L with solvent.
Tips and Best Practices for Successful Dilution
- Always ensure units are consistent (this calculator expects concentration in molarity (M) and volume in liters (L)).
- If V1 is larger than V2, the dilution as specified is impossible — you may need a more concentrated stock.
- For small volumes, consider pipetting accuracy and use an appropriate pipette or repeat dilution method.
- Label solutions clearly with concentration, date, and preparer.
- Check compatibility of all substances before mixing.
Frequently Asked Questions About Dilution
What does C1V1 = C2V2 mean?
It expresses conservation of solute amount. The moles of solute in the aliquot of stock (C1 × V1) equals the moles in the final diluted solution (C2 × V2).
Can I use different units?
Yes, but keep them consistent. If you use mL for volume, ensure both V1 and V2 are in mL. The calculator uses liters internally and also displays milliliters for convenience.
What if C1 < C2?
If the stock concentration (C1) is lower than the desired final concentration (C2), you cannot obtain the desired concentration by dilution — you would need a more concentrated stock or to perform a concentration step.
Safety and Accuracy in Chemical Dilution
Always follow your lab's safety protocols when handling chemicals. Verify calculations, use calibrated glassware or pipettes, and consider preparing extra volume to account for transfer losses when necessary.
Use Cases for Dilution Calculators
Dilution calculators are extensively used in laboratories for various applications, including:
- Preparing chemical solutions for experiments.
- Creating standards for calibration curves in quantitative analysis.
- Ensuring proper concentration levels in pharmaceuticals.
- Conducting environmental testing for pollutant concentrations.
- Adjusting concentrations in biotechnological processes.