Explore our collection of biology calculators organized by subcategory.
Generate Punnett squares for genetic crosses.
Calculate allele and genotype frequencies using Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p², 2pq, q²) from allele frequencies p and q.
Calculate genetic distance between populations using Nei's genetic identity and distance for a biallelic locus.
Analyze DNA sequences and calculate complementary strands.
Calculate allele frequencies (p and q) in a population from genotype counts (AA, Aa, aa).
Calculate population growth using exponential or logistic models.
Calculate population growth rate.
Calculate carrying capacity for a population based on available resources and a simple per-individual resource assumption.
Calculate biodiversity indices (Shannon, Simpson) from species counts. Useful for ecology and conservation studies.
Calculate cell concentration from dilution series. Computes cells/mL and cells/L from cells counted, dilution factor, and counted volume.
Calculate dilution ratios and concentrations.
Calculate pH from hydrogen ion concentration.
Calculate osmolarity of solutions.
Calculate enzyme kinetics parameters (Km, Vmax). Estimate Km from observed reaction rates using the Michaelis-Menten equation and visualize the Michaelis-Menten curve.
Calculate half-life for biological processes using initial and final amounts over a given time period.
Calculate cellular respiration rates.