Titration Calculator
Use this titration calculator to determine the equivalence point when titrating a monoprotic acid with a monoprotic base. Provide the acid concentration (in mol/L), the volume of acid (in mL or L), and the base concentration (in mol/L). The calculator computes the moles of acid and the volume of base required to reach the equivalence point.
Understanding how to perform titration calculations is essential in various chemistry applications, including laboratory experiments, pharmaceuticals, and analytical chemistry. This tool simplifies the process, making it accessible for both students and professionals.
How the Titration Calculator Works
Methodology
The calculation follows fundamental stoichiometry. For a monoprotic acid HA neutralized by OH- from a strong base like NaOH, the stoichiometry is 1:1. Here is how the calculation is performed:
- Convert the acid volume to liters if necessary.
- Calculate moles of acid: moles = concentration (mol/L) × volume (L).
- Calculate the volume of base required to neutralize those moles: Vbase (L) = moles acid / [Base concentration (mol/L)].
- Convert Vbase to mL if desired.
moles_acid = C_acid × V_acid (L)
V_base (L) = moles_acid / C_baseExample Calculation
If you have 25 mL of 0.100 M HCl and titrate with 0.100 M NaOH, the calculation proceeds as follows: Moles HCl = 0.100 × 0.025 = 0.00250 mol. The required volume of NaOH is 0.00250 / 0.100 = 0.025 L, which equals 25.0 mL. Thus, the equivalence point is reached after adding 25.0 mL of base.
Practical Notes on Titration
Considerations for Accurate Results
- Ensure concentrations are in mol/L (M) and volumes in liters when calculating moles.
- This calculator assumes a 1:1 stoichiometry (monoprotic acid and monobasic titrant). For polyprotic acids or different stoichiometries, adjust calculations accordingly.
- For strong acid–strong base titrations, the equivalence point pH is approximately 7. For weak acid–strong base, the equivalence pH will be > 7.
Frequently Asked Questions About Titration
A: Concentrations should be in molarity (M = mol/L). You may enter the acid volume in mL or L; the calculator will convert as needed.
A: For diprotic or polyprotic acids, each mole of acid provides more than one equivalent of H+. Multiply the moles of acid by the number of acidic protons (equivalents) before computing the required base volume.
A: Yes. Swap the roles of acid and base in the inputs: provide the base concentration and base volume and use the acid concentration as the titrant concentration. The stoichiometry and formulas remain the same when accounting for equivalents.
A: Use precise measuring tools, such as volumetric flasks or pipettes, and ensure all solutions are mixed thoroughly for consistent results.